{"id":20432,"date":"2026-10-23T12:23:23","date_gmt":"2026-10-23T09:23:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sateenkaarihistoria.fi\/?p=20432"},"modified":"2026-10-23T12:50:35","modified_gmt":"2026-10-23T09:50:35","slug":"female-impersonators-between-1880-and-1910","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sateenkaarihistoria.fi\/en\/female-impersonators-between-1880-and-1910\/","title":{"rendered":"Female impersonators between 1880 and 1910"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.kb-image20432_dfc2e2-59.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .kb-image20432_dfc2e2-59 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{max-width:434px;width:100%;}.wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image20432_dfc2e2-59.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image20432_dfc2e2-59 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:unset;}.kb-image20432_dfc2e2-59 figure{max-width:434px;}.kb-image20432_dfc2e2-59 .image-is-svg, .kb-image20432_dfc2e2-59 .image-is-svg img{width:100%;}.kb-image20432_dfc2e2-59 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image20432_dfc2e2-59\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1628\" height=\"2560\" src=\"https:\/\/sateenkaarihistoria.fi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/SM-2024-01562-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Mustavalkoinen postikorttimainen valokuva, jossa esiintyj\u00e4 Man de Wirth seisoo tummaa taustaa vasten. H\u00e4nell\u00e4 on yll\u00e4\u00e4n paljettikirjailtu, r\u00f6yhel\u00f6helmainen esiintymispuku, korsetti ja hiuslaite, jossa on valkoinen sulka. Yl\u00e4kulmassa lukee \u201cMan de Wirth Jmitateur\u201d.\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-20420\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sateenkaarihistoria.fi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/SM-2024-01562-scaled.jpg 1628w, https:\/\/sateenkaarihistoria.fi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/SM-2024-01562-636x1000.jpg 636w, https:\/\/sateenkaarihistoria.fi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/SM-2024-01562-95x150.jpg 95w, https:\/\/sateenkaarihistoria.fi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/SM-2024-01562-768x1208.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sateenkaarihistoria.fi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/SM-2024-01562-977x1536.jpg 977w, https:\/\/sateenkaarihistoria.fi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/SM-2024-01562-1303x2048.jpg 1303w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1628px) 100vw, 1628px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-palette-6-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1 wp-block-paragraph\"><em>In the picture, you can see Man De Wirth, a very popular female impersonator who<br>toured both Europe and North America. He first visited Malm\u00f6 in 1887. His career<br>continued until the 1930s, when he died in a car accident on the Reeperbahn in<br>Hamburg.&nbsp;(Stadtmuseum Berlin)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The decades between 1880 and 1910 were both the heyday of male and female impersonators and a period when queer communities were emerging in Malm\u00f6. There were more than 500 advertised performances, and probably many more in less formal settings. In the newspapers, 20 female impersonators and three male impersonators have been found. The genre was introduced in Sweden and Malm\u00f6 during the 1880s by foreign performers appearing at the more exclusive entertainment venues. From the 1890s onwards, however, more and more artists from Malm\u00f6 and elsewhere in Sweden took to the stage in cross-dress. Over time, impersonators also performed on a wider variety of stages\u2014for example, at events organized by the temperance movement and the labor movement, at Malm\u00f6 Tivoli, and, towards the end of the period, as intermission acts in cinemas. The genre became increasingly popular, with cheaper tickets and sometimes even free admission. There were also performances specifically for children. In short, by the first decade of the twentieth century, virtually everyone in the city, regardless of age or financial means, could see male and female impersonation if they wished.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This growing visibility of gender impersonation on Malm\u00f6\u2019s stages coincided with a broader change in how same-sex desire and gender-nonconforming expressions and identities were understood. During this period, <em>homosexuality<\/em> increasingly emerged as a framework for making sense of same-sex attraction and gender nonconformity. Gender-nonconforming expressions and identities, in turn, increasingly came to be associated with homosexuality. Through convincing impersonations combined with risqu\u00e9 humor, male and female impersonators who played with gender boundaries thus had the opportunity to communicate homosexual identities from the stage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The source material shows that at least three of the impersonators had same-sex relationships, while several others left indications pointing towards queer life experiences. Although firm conclusions are rarely possible, the material suggests that male and female impersonators not only challenged contemporary ideas about gender from the stage, but that several of them may also have been part of the emerging queer communities in Malm\u00f6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The genre\u2019s move to new stages was driven not only by growing public interest, but also by the so-called Variety Show Prohibition of 1896, a law that prohibited the serving of alcohol in connection with variety performances. This meant that performers had fewer opportunities to work and were paid less at variety venues, forcing them to seek out alternative stages. Swedish male and female impersonators also increasingly began to seek opportunities abroad, including in Finland.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In which Finnish cities were there Swedish male or female impersonators performing during this period?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Linus Sollin<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The author is an archivist at the Malm\u00f6 City Archives. Over the past few years, he has been researching male and female impersonators and their connections to the emergence of queer communities in Malm\u00f6 between 1880 and 1910.<\/strong><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">References<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Laine, Mio. 2025. \u201dLieneek\u00f6 tuo aprillinarrio wai pitk\u00e4lle kehittyneen emansipatsioonin merkki\u00e4 wai muuta wallattomuutta.\u201d : Sukupuolen ilmaisun moninaisuus suomalaisissa sanomalehdiss\u00e4 1868\u20131917. Pro gradu thesis, University of Turku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sollin, Linus. 2026. \u201cN\u00e4r damimitat\u00f6r Carl Friedlew hade g\u00e5tt och lagt sig: Ett imagin\u00e4rt scenario baserat p\u00e5 reparativ l\u00e4sning av historiska k\u00e4llor.\u201d <em>Ale<\/em> 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sollin, Linus. 2026 forthcoming. \u201c\u2018Ett storartat uppseendev\u00e4ckande afkl\u00e4dningsnummer\u2019: Dam- och herrimitat\u00f6rer och queera gemenskaper i Malm\u00f6 1880\u20131910.\u201d <em>RIG \u2013 kulturhistorisk tidskrift<\/em> 109 (4).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Stryker, Susan. 2017. <em>Transgender history the roots of today\u00b4s revolution, <\/em>New York: Seal press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ullman, Sharon R. 1995. &#8220;The Twentieth Century Way&#8221;: Female Impersonation and Sexual Practice in Turn-of-the-Century America\u201d <em>Journal of the History of Sexuality. <\/em>Vol.5 no. 4<em> <\/em>(573-600). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns verkkolehdentiedot is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:20%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sateenkaarihistoria.fi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/verkkolehti_ikoni.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3648\" width=\"150\" height=\"174\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sateenkaarihistoria.fi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/verkkolehti_ikoni.png 150w, https:\/\/sateenkaarihistoria.fi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/verkkolehti_ikoni-129x150.png 129w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:80%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Writings of Friends of Queer History<\/strong> is an online magazine published by the association Friends of Queer History at <a href=\"https:\/\/sateenkaarihistoria.fi\/verkkolehti\/\">sateenkaarihistoria.fi\/verkkolehti<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sateenkaarihistoria.fi\/en\/about-the-online-magazine\/\">Further info about the online magazine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sateenkaarihistoria.fi\/en\/instructions-for-authors\/\">Instructions for Authors<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>ISSN 2737-3908<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The decades between 1880 and 1910 were both the heyday of male and female impersonators and a period when queer communities were emerging in Malm\u00f6.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":20442,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"   .post-thumbnail,\n   .article-post-thumbnail,\n   .wp-post-image {\n     display: none !important;\n   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